Maturity
[max. 36 points]
1. Financial attractiveness of public transport
- Ratio between the price of a 5 km journey with private means of transport and the price of a 5 km journey with public transport within the agglomeration area
- Private means of transport: car or motorcycle, depending on what vehicle type dominates in modal split
- Cost of journey with motorized individual transport: fuel cost only, based on fuel consumption and fuel price including taxes; average for gasoline and diesel cost taken
- Cost of public transport journey: ticket cost for a 5 km distance trip
2. Share of public transport in modal split
- Percentage of the total number of person trips which are made with public transport in the last available measurement
- Only formal public transport is considered. Informal public transport (paratransit) is considered as a part of motorized individual transport
- Modal-split definition: trips made by residents of the urban agglomeration; both motorized and non-motorized trips; trips for all purposes; trips on both working days and weekends
3. Share of zero-emission in modal split
- Percentage of the total number of person trips which are made by bicycle and walking in the last available measurement
- For cities with emerging mobility systems and very large shares of non-motorized transport, the modal split data was corrected in order not to suggest a high maturity level of a mobility system
4. Road density
- Ratio between the total road length in an urban agglomeration and the urbanized surface area
- Total road length definition: all roads open to public traffic (both paved and non‐paved), incl. motorway network and excl. farmland, forest and private roads located within the urban agglomeration borders
- Measured as a deviation from an optimum value. Optimum value for road density according to Fei (2011)2) is: average for core city 11.0 km/km2, average for suburbs 3.7 km/km2, average for mixed territories 7.35 km/km2
5. Cycle-path network density
- Ratio between the total length of cycle lanes and cycle paths in an urban agglomeration and the urbanized surface area of this urban agglomeration
- Cycle lane: A lane marked on a road with a cycle symbol, which can be used by cyclists only
- Cycle path: An off-road path for cycling, incl. exclusive cycle paths (for cyclists only), shared-use paths (for both cyclists and pedestrians), and separated paths (where the section for cyclists’ use is separated from the pedestrians’ section)
6. Urban agglomeration density
- Ratio between the population of an urban agglomeration and its urbanized surface area
- Urban agglomerations taken as defined by the United Nations in World Urbanization Prospects)
- Urbanized surface area doesn‘t include sea, lakes, waterways, woods, forests, etc., and refers to the built-up land surface only
7. Public-transport frequency
- Frequency of the busiest public transport line in an urban agglomeration
- Frequency of the busiest metro line taken; if metro not available – then frequency of the busiest bus line considered
8. Initiatives of public sector in passenger mobility
- Qualitative evaluation of strategy and actions of public sector with regard to urban passenger mobility along 5 dimensions: General sustainability and restrictions; alternative engines; aultimodality; infrastructure; incentives
9. Initiatives of public sector in goods mobility (urban logistics)
- Qualitative evaluation of strategy and actions of public sector with regard to urban goods mobility along 2 dimensions: “Classical” measures to improve urban delivery of goods (promotion of low-emission zones for freight, time-window policy, urban distribution centers, etc.); piloting of innovative concepts and means of transport for last mile
Innovation
[max. 24 points]
10. Smart card penetration
- Ratio between the total number of transit smart cards in circulation in an urban agglomeration area and the population of this area
- Cards are only considered if they are issued and/or accepted by public-transport authorities or public-transport operators
11. Availability of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) platforms
- Number of mobility-as-a-service platforms, i.e., integrated mobility platforms available in a particular city
-
Minimum requirements to consider a service MaaS platform:
- Functionality: at least one “typical” MaaS functionality (routing, booking, payment) is available. Public transport line maps alone or departure times on stations alone without multimodal routing are not sufficient
- Multimodality: at least two transport modes available on a platform required (e.g., bus and metro or suburban train and bike sharing)
-
In each city two types of MaaS platforms considered:
- Multicity platforms – provide MaaS services for multiple cities. Examples: CityMapper, Moovit, Moovel, Qixxit, Ally, Trafi, City Rail Map, TripGo, Google Maps, Here WeGo
- City-specific platforms – provide MaaS services for one city only. Examples: Wojhati Dubai, WienMobil Vienna, Hannovermobil, SL Stockholm, VVS Stuttgart, ZVV Zurich
12. Bike-sharing performance
- Ratio between the total number of bikes in bike-sharing systems in an urban agglomeration area and the population of this area
- Only bikes in business-to-consumer (B2C) and administration-to-citizen (A2C) schemes are considered. Peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing is excluded
13. Car-sharing performance
- Ratio between the total number of cars in car-sharing systems in an urban agglomeration area and the population of this area
- Only cars in business-to-consumer (B2C) and administration-to-citizen (A2C) schemes are considered. Peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing is excluded
14. Availability of peer-2-peer car-sharing services
- Number of web or mobile services that enable peer-2-peer car sharing in a particular city, i.e., car owners making their vehicles available for others to rent for short periods of time
- Examples: Getaround, Drivy, Tamyca, OuiCar, Turo, PPzuche, Baojia, Sharoo, Deways
15. Availability of e-hail services and taxi platforms
- Number of e-hail services or taxi platforms available in a city
- Examples of e-hail services: Uber, Lyft, Didi Chuxing, Ola, Careem, Gett, LeCab, Taxify, Cabify
- Examples of taxi platforms (working only with officially registered taxi drives): mytaxi, Easy Taxi, Le Taxi, Arro, it Taxi, Taxiapp
16. Availability of ride-sharing services
- Number of platforms that enable several travelers to make a journey in a single vehicle and to share its cost. This prevents the need for other travelers to drive to a location themselves (also called carpooling).
- Examples of ride-sharing platforms: RYDE, Toogethr, Karzoo, CarpoolWorld, Flinc, Zimride
17. Availability of initiatives related to autonomous vehicles
- Number of publicly announced initiatives related to piloting of self-driving vehicles such as shuttles, buses, boats, robotaxis, trains, and commercial and utility vehicles according to press clippings as per moment the index data was gathered
18. Availability of other smart mobility related initiatives
- Number of smart mobility use cases as parts of respective smart city initiatives, except use cases related to self-driving vehicles, mobility platforms and other digital services considered in previous criteria.
- Examples of smart mobility initiatives: smart traffic management, smart parking, smart waste collection, smart ticketing, big data analytics for urban mobility, smart urban logistics
Performance
[max. 40 points]
19. Transport-related CO2 emissions
- Ratio between the total amount of carbon dioxide emitted by the agglomeration area p.a. as a consequence of its transport activities and its population
- The data considers carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels in transportation only (sectorial approach)
20. NO2 concentration
- Annual arithmetic average of the daily concentrations of NO2 recorded at all monitoring stations within the agglomeration area
21. PM10 concentration
- Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 10 microns of diameter (PM10) [ug/m3] in a city/ agglomeration area
- For most of cities data from the WHO Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database was used (update 2016). Other sources if the city was not available in the WHO Database
22. PM2.5 concentration
- Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns of diameter (PM2.5) [ug/m3] in a city/ agglomeration area
- For most cities data from the WHO Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database was used (update 2016). Other sources if the city was not available in the WHO Database
23. Traffic-related fatalities
- Number of deaths related to transport, i.e., annual number of people killed as a result of transport accidents that occurred in an urban agglomeration area p.a.
- Fatality is counted if it occurs during a period of 30 days after the accident
24. Increase of share of public transport in modal split
- Increase of the percentage of the total people trips which are made daily by public transport in the last available measurement compared to its share in the second-to-last measurement
- Only formal public transport is considered. Informal public transport (paratransit) is considered part of motorized individual transport
25. Increase of share of zero-emission in modal split
- Increase of the percentage of the total people trips which are made daily by bicycle and walking in the last available measurement compared to its share in the second-to-last measurement
26. Mean travel time to work
- Total number of minutes that it usually takes the person to get from home to work each day during the reference week
- The elapsed time includes time spent waiting for public transport, picking up passengers in carpools, and in other activities related to getting to work
27. Density of vehicles registered
- The ratio between the total number of passenger motorized vehicles (incl. cars, motorcycles, taxis) within the urban agglomeration and its population
- Non-active vehicles (“scrap”) excluded from the calculation
